Articles list about web hosting

A practical systemd guide for sysadmins and DevOps, verified on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, Debian 12, Rocky/AlmaLinux 9 and Arch. Unit files ([Unit] [Service] [Install], Type=simple/forking/notify, drop-in override), a real custom unit for a Go app with hardening and cgroups v2 limits, detailed coverage of systemctl, journalctl and systemd-analyze, plus a 7-question FAQ on common pitfalls.

An introductory article about hypervisors — the fundamental layer that all modern hosting and cloud platforms stand on. What a hypervisor is in plain language, how hardware emulation, resource allocation, and VM isolation work. The classic classification of Type 1 (bare-metal: VMware ESXi, KVM, Proxmox VE, Hyper-V) vs Type 2 (hosted: VirtualBox, VMware Workstation) with a comparison table and the nuances of modern implementations (WSL2, Docker Desktop, M1+ Mac). How a hypervisor works technically: hardware support via VT-x/AMD-V, EPT, IOMMU; methods of hardware access (emulation, paravirtualization with VirtIO, SR-IOV, passthrough) with concrete overhead numbers. Why hypervisors and containers complement rather than replace each other, and how they work together in the two-layer architecture of modern clouds. Overview of use cases (VPS, public and private clouds, data centers, edge, AI/ML). Practical selection guidance. A 7-question FAQ: KVM vs Proxmox VE, identifying your hypervisor, what VM Escape is (with real CVE examples), Docker on a VPS, overhead.

An analytical review of 8 Type 1 virtualization platforms actually in use in 2026. Selection criteria after the Broadcom-VMware case, compatibility with AMD EPYC 9005, Intel Xeon 6 Granite Rapids and ARM, vGPU and Nvidia MIG for AI workloads. Detailed breakdown of Proxmox VE, VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, XCP-ng, KVM, Citrix Hypervisor, Nutanix AHV, Oracle Linux KVM with strengths/weaknesses. Comparison table, vendor checklist, and a 7-question FAQ on migration, AI workloads, overcommit, Windows on KVM.

A practical PHP 8.4 tuning guide for Ubuntu 24.04 LTS: FPM pool sizing (pm.max_children formula, dynamic/static/ondemand), OPcache and JIT with honest trade-offs, realpath cache, profiling from slow log to Xdebug, and PHP-specific security (expose_php, disable_functions, open_basedir). Plus top 8 config mistakes and a 7-question FAQ on versions, mysqli vs PDO, OPcache vs Redis, and JIT in production.

A practical 7-step checklist that actually protects a site in 2026 — concrete settings from tech-support experience, not abstract threats: HTTPS + HSTS, updates, 2FA, server-level protection (WAF, fail2ban, headers), malware scanning, least privilege, 3-2-1 backups. Plus what a business really loses after a hack, top 5 mistakes, and a 6-question FAQ.

How HTTPS became the internet standard in the 8 years after Chrome 68: life before 2014, how Let's Encrypt removed the financial barrier, why Chrome 68 in July 2018 forced everyone to migrate. The CIA triad, what HTTPS does and doesn't do, a timeline of changes (TLS 1.3, mixed content blocking, HTTP/3, 47-day certificates, post-quantum experiments), a migration plan, a 2026-2030 forecast, and a 6-question FAQ.

Node.js on a 4 vCPU VPS delivers 1,200–1,500 RPS — 4–5x more than PHP-FPM with Laravel. The article covers: how the Event Loop works, why Node.js excels at I/O tasks, NPM package security, production stack Nginx + PM2 with cluster mode, a real eCommerce API case on NestJS with memory leaks and Event Loop blocking, Node.js vs PHP vs Python benchmarks, Docker vs PM2 for deployment, and comparison with Deno and Bun.

SaaS hosting is a category of its own, where an hour of downtime costs more than a year of savings on a cheap provider. The article covers: what real 99.9% vs 99.99% means in downtime minutes, choosing between VPS and dedicated at different stages (from MVP to enterprise), multi-tenancy and resource isolation requirements, PgBouncer and read replicas for the database, GDPR/HIPAA/PCI DSS in practice, SLI/SLO/Error budget, and a provider verification checklist before signing a contract.

HTTP/3 isn't just a new protocol version — it's a fundamental transport change from TCP to QUIC (UDP). The article explains: why HTTP/3 is faster than HTTP/2 on mobile networks (0-RTT, independent streams, connection migration), real benchmarks across various network conditions, how to enable it on Nginx 1.25+ in 15 minutes, why UDP 443 must be opened in the firewall, and when HTTP/3 delivers the biggest effect.

90% of migration problems result from poor preparation. Complete guide: file and database backup, DNS TTL reduction 48 hours ahead, transfer via rsync + mysqldump, testing via hosts file, final synchronization, DNS switch, SEO and email verification. Separate instructions for WordPress, cPanel, DirectAdmin, and servers without SSH.

We show the complete path: Ubuntu VPS preparation, NVM installation, PM2 cluster mode, Nginx reverse proxy with SSL, security (Helmet.js, rate limiting, npm audit), Redis caching, zero-downtime deployment, and monitoring via Prometheus + Grafana. Every step with real configurations and explanations.

Why doesn't the site work after IP change? We cover DNS under the hood — from recursive resolver to authoritative server. Record configuration, speeding up propagation via TTL, DNSSEC and DoH protection. Practical checklist and diagnostic commands.

How to set up reliable MySQL backups? We cover mysqldump with --single-transaction, Percona XtraBackup for production, GFS retention scheme, Point-in-Time Recovery via binary logs. Cron automation, verification scripts, and 5 common backup mistakes.

403 Forbidden or emails not delivered? We cover all reasons for IP blocking — from Fail2Ban to global blacklists. Step-by-step diagnostics, commands for unblocking in Fail2Ban, CSF, iptables, Cloudflare. How to set up whitelist and avoid blocks.

How to properly configure a Python application for production? We cover choosing between Gunicorn and uWSGI, worker count formula, systemd auto-restart, Nginx configuration, connection pooling with PgBouncer, Docker best practices, Celery for heavy tasks, and monitoring with Sentry.

8 cores / 16 threads — what does this mean in practice? We explain the difference between physical cores and logical threads, when Hyper-Threading helps and when it doesn't. Specific recommendations for WordPress, eCommerce, API, and analytics. How to check VPS CPU and avoid overpaying.

A site without HTTPS in 2026 means lost Google rankings and user trust. We cover the difference between SSL and TLS, certificate types (DV, OV, EV, Wildcard), getting a free certificate via Certbot, optimal Nginx and Apache configurations for TLS 1.3, HSTS setup and SSL Labs verification.

A $50/month server with proper tuning often outperforms a $200 server with defaults. We cover CPU selection (single-thread performance), RAM and caching (Redis, FastCGI Cache), NVMe disks, PHP-FPM and MySQL configuration. When to move from VPS to Dedicated and how to scale horizontally.

70% of Hostiserver clients use Nginx. We break down architectural differences, real-world performance under load, ready configs for WordPress + FastCGI Cache, Reverse Proxy. When Apache still makes sense, how to migrate, and why mod_php is an anachronism.

The average Linux server receives hundreds of SSH brute-force attempts daily. We cover how to properly configure SSH: switching from passwords to Ed25519 keys, critical sshd_config parameters, Fail2Ban, firewall rules, and bastion hosts. Specific commands and common mistakes to avoid.